.png)
Thyroid Eye Disease Ireland
An expert led support for thyroid eye disease in Ireland
I am excited to announce the upcoming launch of TED-I Thyroid Eye Disease Ireland—a dedicated, expert-led resource for patients navigating this complex and often isolating condition.
This platform will provide trusted information, treatment guidance, peer support, and access to care pathways.
Whether you’re newly diagnosed or seeking ongoing support, my goal is to inform, empower, and connect patients across Ireland.
What is Thyroid Eye Disease
Thyroid Eye Disease is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder. It occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the muscles and fatty tissues around the eyes. This causes inflammation and swelling, which can lead to a variety of symptoms that range from mild irritation to severe vision impairment.
Although TED is most often linked to hyperthyroidism, especially in people with Graves’ disease, it can also develop in individuals with hypothyroidism or even normal thyroid function (a state called euthyroid).
Who Is at Risk?
TED affects approximately 1 in 5 people with Graves’ disease. It’s more common in women than men and typically develops between the ages of 30 and 50. However, when it occurs in men, it is often more severe. Smoking significantly increases the risk of developing TED and can worsen its progression.
Symotoms of Thyroid Eye Disease
Symptoms can develop gradually or appear quite suddenly. They may affect one or both eyes and can include:
-
Bulging eyes (proptosis)
-
Dry, gritty, or irritated eyes
-
Redness and swelling
-
Sensitivity to light
-
Blurred or double vision
-
Pain or discomfort, especially when moving the eyes
-
Difficulty fully closing the eyelids
-
A “staring” or startled appearance
In more severe cases, the swelling can compress the optic nerve, potentially threatening vision.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of:
-
A detailed medical history and symptom review
-
Blood tests to check thyroid function
-
Imaging scans such as CT or MRI to assess swelling and inflammation in the eye socket
An ophthalmologist or endocrinologist usually leads the diagnostic and treatment process, often working together to provide a comprehensive approach.
Treatment Options
The treatment of TED depends on the activity and severity of the disease. There are two phases:
-
Active (Inflammatory) Phase – when inflammation and swelling are progressing
-
Inactive Phase – when the disease has stabilised but may have left lasting effects
During the active phase, treatment focuses on reducing inflammation:
-
Steroids (oral or intravenous)
-
Immunosuppressive medications
-
Targeted biological therapies (such as teprotumumab, though access may vary in the UK)
-
Smoking cessation – strongly recommended
In the inactive phase, if changes in appearance or function remain, corrective surgery may be considered. This can include:
-
Orbital decompression surgery
-
Strabismus surgery to correct double vision
-
Eyelid surgery to improve eye closure and appearance
Treatment Options
TED can have a significant impact on quality of life, both physically and emotionally. Support from healthcare professionals, mental health counsellors, and patient support groups can be invaluable. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are key to managing the condition effectively.
Thyroid Eye Disease is more than just an eye problem – it’s a complex autoimmune condition that needs careful monitoring and tailored treatment. If you have thyroid issues and notice changes in your eyes, don’t ignore them. Prompt attention can make a big difference in preserving your vision and overall well-being.