Occular Rosacea - What is it?

Understanding Ocular Rosacea: Spotlight on Eye Health During Rosacea Awareness Month

April marks Rosacea Awareness Month – a timely opportunity to raise understanding of this often misunderstood condition. While most people associate rosacea with facial redness and skin sensitivity, many are unaware that it can also affect the eyes. This lesser-known form is called ocular rosacea, and as an eye surgeon, I see first-hand how important early diagnosis and appropriate management can be in preserving eye health and comfort.

What is Ocular Rosacea?

Ocular rosacea is an inflammatory condition that affects the eyes and eyelids, commonly occurring alongside skin rosacea – though it can also present independently. It’s estimated that more than half of individuals with skin rosacea will experience some form of ocular involvement.

Symptoms can vary from mild to severe and may include:

• Red, bloodshot eyes

• A gritty or burning sensation

• Dryness or excessive tearing

• Swollen eyelids and recurrent styes

• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)

• Blurred vision in more advanced cases

The condition often mimics other eye disorders, making it challenging to diagnose without specialist input.

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

Left untreated, ocular rosacea can lead to more serious complications, such as corneal inflammation, scarring, and even vision loss. That’s why it’s essential for anyone with rosacea – or persistent eye symptoms – to seek professional advice. A thorough eye examination can help rule out other conditions and confirm the diagnosis.

What Causes It?

The exact cause of ocular rosacea remains unclear, but it's believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and vascular factors. Triggers often mirror those for skin rosacea and may include:

• Sun exposure

• Hot drinks or spicy food

• Alcohol

• Stress

• Harsh weather conditions

Treatment and Management

Although there is no cure for rosacea, ocular rosacea can be effectively managed with a tailored treatment plan. This might include:

• Eyelid Care: Regular warm compresses and gentle cleaning help reduce inflammation and improve gland function.

• Artificial tears: Lubricating eye drops can relieve dryness and irritation.

• Medications: Oral antibiotics (such as doxycycline) or topical treatments may be prescribed to control inflammation.

• Lifestyle adjustments: Identifying and avoiding individual triggers can significantly reduce flare-ups.

In more severe cases, patients may benefit from advanced interventions or referral to an eye specialist.

Looking After Your Eyes

If you have rosacea, it’s important to be proactive about eye care. Attend regular check-ups, maintain good eyelid hygiene, and never ignore symptoms that persist or worsen. With the right support and management, most people with ocular rosacea can maintain good vision and quality of life.

As part of Rosacea Awareness Month, let’s shed light on the full spectrum of this condition – including its impact on eye health. Early recognition and treatment are key.